Cigarette smoking in childhood and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adulthood

Background This study was aimed to examine the association between cigarette smoking in childhood and mortality adulthood, impact of non-smoking duration among smokers who subsequently quit smoking. Methods We used data from 472,887 adults aged 18–85 years examined once US National Health Interview Survey 1997–2014, which linked Death Index up 31 December 2015. Cigarette status (age 6 17 years) adulthood 18 85 self-reported using a standard questionnaire at time participation survey. The vital participants due all-causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer chronic lower respiratory diseases obtained Index. Results During mean follow-up 8.75 years, compared with never risk all-cause current adult decreased slightly according increasing age initiation: hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals, CIs) were 2.54 (2.24–2.88) 6–9 2.44 (2.31–2.57) 10–14 2.21 (2.12–2.31) 15–17 years. Smoking cessation before 30 not associated increased cause-specific (all p > 0.05) Conclusion Mortality higher individuals started an earlier childhood. Inversely,